Genética y genómica de la longevidad y el envejecimiento / Genetics and genomics of longevity and aging

El envejecimiento y la longevidad son procesos que involucran una serie de factores genéticos, bioquímicos y ambientales. En esta revisión se tratan algunas cuestiones sobre estos dos procesos biológicos y epigenéticos. Se presentan los genes más importantes en estos procesos, así como se ejemplifican enfermedades que presentan un aceleramiento o falla en la longevidad y el envejecimiento. Se usa el análisis inteligente de datos para hallar interacciones de proteínas/genes que expliquen estos dos fenómenos biológicos.

Aging and longevity are processes that involve a series of genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. This review addresses some issues about these two biological and epigenetic processes. The most important genes in these processes are presented, as well as diseases that present an acceleration or failure in longevity and aging. Intelligent data analysis is used to find protein/gene interactions that explain these two biological phenomena.

Da medicalização da comida à gourmetização do medicamento: análise da campanha publicitária que transformou um comprimido efervescente em febre nacional / From the medicalization of food to the gourmetization of medicines: analysis of the advertising campaign that turned an effervescent tablet into a national fever / De la medicalización de los alimentos a la gourmetización de los medicamentos: análisis de la campaña publicitaria que convirtió un comprimido efervescente en fiebre nacional

O aumento da longevidade humana veio acompanhado de uma maior preocupação com os hábitos alimentares e de uma banalização das dietas prescritas, favorecendo um contexto de medicalização da comida, no qual a fronteira entre alimento e medicamento fica imprecisa. Isto tem sido usado mercadologicamente pelas indústrias alimentícias, farmacêuticas e de suplementos alimentares. Este artigo visa discutir como o ecossistema publicitário contemporâneo e a ciberpublicidade são utilizados para naturalizar a presença de suplementos e medicamentos na dieta cotidiana. Usou-se como estudo de caso uma campanha publicitária vietnamita, em que um comprimido foi posicionado como ingrediente culinário. A partir de outros casos descritos na literatura, discutem-se os resultados encontrados no contexto ocidental. Nas considerações finais, apresentam-se alguns desafios regulatórios; apontam-se perspectivas para pesquisas futuras; e defende-se a educação como elemento fundamental para a construção de uma sociedade em que a saúde seja valorizada e exigida como bem coletivo e direito de todos

As human longevity increases, a greater concern with eating habits is visible. Furthermore, the number of people who trivialize prescribed diets increases. This context favors the medicalization of food, in which the boundary between food and medicine is blurred. Industries take advantage of this situation to promote several products. This article discusses how the contemporary advertising ecosystem and the cyber advertising techniques are used to naturalize the presence of supplements and medications in the daily diet. We used as a case study a Vietnamese campaign, in which a tablet was positioned as a culinary ingredient. Based on other cases described in the literature, the results found in the Western context are discussed. In the last section, some regulatory challenges are presented, prospects for future research are pointed out, and education is defended as fundamental for the development of citizens who value Public Health as a collective good and a right of all

El aumento de la longevidad humana ha venido acompañado de una mayor preocupación por los hábitos alimentarios y de una banalización de las dietas prescritas, favoreciendo un contexto de medicalización de la alimentación, en el que la frontera entre alimento y medicamento se esfuma. Esto viene siendo utilizado comercialmente por industrias alimentarias, farmacéuticas y de complementos alimenticios. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de discutir como el ecosistema publicitario contemporáneo y la publicidad cibernética son usados para naturalizar la presencia de suplementos y medicamentos en la dieta diaria. Se utilizó como estudio de caso una campaña publicitaria vietnamita, en la que se posicionó un comprimido como ingrediente culinario. Con base en otros casos descritos en la literatura, se discuten los resultados encontrados en el contexto occidental. En las reflexiones finales, se presentan algunos desafíos regulatorios; se señalan perspectivas para futuras investigaciones; y la educación es defendida como elemento fundamental para la construcción de una sociedad en la que se valore y exija la salud como bien colectivo y derecho de todos.

Dependência funcional dentro e fora de casa em pessoas idosas com 75 anos ou mais: diferenças entre os sexos / Functional disability inside and outside of home of older adults aged 75 years and older: differences between males and females / Dependencia funcional dentro y fuera del hogar en ancianos de 75 años o más: diferencias entre sexos

O sexo é um importante fator a ser considerado na compreensão da dependência de cuidados na velhice. Objetivo:Verificar fatores associados à dependência, dentro e fora de casa, em pessoas idosas com 75 anos ou mais, com ênfase na diferença entre os sexos. Metodologia:Pesquisa transversal com dados do estudo FIBRA. A capacidade funcional nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD) foi dividida em atividades realizadas dentro de casa (uso do telefone, manejo da medicação, tarefas domésticas e preparo da refeição) e atividades realizadas fora de casa (fazer compras, utilizar transporte e manejo do dinheiro). As variáveis independentes incluíram aspectos sociodemográficas e de saúde. Foram estimadas razões de prevalência por meio de modelos de regressão múltipla de Poisson a fim de verificar as variáveis associadas com dependência dentro e fora de casa. Resultados:A amostra foi composta por 804 idosos. Dentro de casa, não houve fatores associados à dependência para o sexo masculino. Enquanto para o sexo feminino, os fatores associados foram fragilidade (RP = 1,99; 95%IC: 1,26-3,15) e 80 anos e mais (RP = 1,41; 95%IC: 1,05-1,89). Quanto à dependência fora de casa, a fragilidade destacou-se como um fator associado a ambos os sexos, masculino (RP = 2,80 95%IC: 1,17-6,64) e feminino (RP = 1,98 95%IC: 1,24-3,17). Conclusões:Para o sexo feminino, a idade avançada e a fragilidade foram os fatores de maior associação com dependência, tanto para o ambiente dentro quanto fora de casa. Para o sexo masculino, a fragilidade foi o único e grande determinante de dependência nas atividades fora de casa, apresentando prevalência maior do que a encontrada na amostra do sexo feminino (AU).

Sexis an important factor to be considered tocomprehendoldage care dependencyObjective:Verify associated factors to dependency, in and out of home, in persons with 75 years or more, with emphasis on sexdifferences. Methodology:Cross-sectional research with data from the FIBRA Study. The functional dependence in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) was divided in activities performed inside home (using telephone, managing medicine, housework and meal preparation) and activities performed outside home (shopping, transportation and managing finances).The independent variable included health and sociodemographic aspects. Estimates on prevalence ratios were made using multiple Poisson regression models to verify the many variables associated with dependency inside and outside home. Results:The sample was composed of 804 older people. Inside home there were not any factors associated with dependency in the males. However, in the females the associated factors were frailty (PR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.26-3.15) and 80 and older (PR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.05-1.89). As to dependency outside home, frailty was a factor that stood out in both sexes, male (PR = 2.80 95%CI: 1.17-6.64) and female (PR = 1.98 95%CI: 1.24-3.17). Conclusions:To women, older age and frailty were the strongest factors of dependency, to both inside and outside home. To men, frailty was the strongest and single dependency factor for dependency in outside activities, showing a higher prevalence than that of the female sex (AU).

El sexo es un factor importante queconsiderar en la comprensión de la dependencia del cuidado en la vejez. Objetivo:Verificar los factores vinculados a la dependencia, dentro y fuera del hogar, en ancianos de 75 años o más, con énfasis en la diferencia entre los sexos. Metodología:Investigación transversal con datos del estudio FIBRA. La capacidad funcional en las Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria (AIVD) se dividió en actividades realizadas dentro del hogar (uso del teléfono, administración de medicamentos, tareas domésticas y preparación de comidas) y actividades realizadas fuera del hogar (hacer compras, uso del transporte y manejo del dinero). Las variables independientes incluyeron aspectos sociodemográficos y de salud. Las razones de prevalencia se estimaron utilizando modelos de regresión múltiple de Poisson con el fin de verificarlas variables vinculadas con la dependencia dentro y fuera del hogar. Resultados:El muestreofue constituidopor 804 ancianos. Dentro del hogar, no hubo factores asociados con la dependencia de los hombres. Mientras que, para las mujeres, los factores asociados fueron fragilidad (RP = 1,99; IC95%: 1,26-3,15) y 80 años y más (RP = 1,41; IC95%: 1,05-1,89). En cuanto a la dependencia fuera del hogar, la fragilidad se destacó como un factor asociado a ambos sexos, masculino (RP = 2,80 IC95%: 1,17-6,64) y femenino (RP = 1,98 IC95%: 1,24-3,17). Conclusiones: Para el sexo femenino, la edad avanzada y la fragilidad fueron los factores más vinculados a la dependencia, tanto para el ambiente dentro como fuera del hogar. Para los varones, la fragilidad fue el único determinante importante de dependencia en actividades fuera del hogar, con una prevalencia mayor que la encontrada en elmuestreofemenino (AU).

Un punto de partida: opiniones de adultos sobre proyectos de vida para la vejez / A starting point: opinions of adults on life projects for old age

Contexto: El envejecimiento de la población plantea varias cuestiones fundamentales. ¿Cómo podemos ayudar a las personas a que sigan siendo independientes y activas a medida que envejecen? El Proyecto de Vida es un concepto que ha estado vinculado a la necesidad del ser humano de buscar su bienestar. Puede pensarse que, si una persona cuenta con un proyecto de vida preconcebido, al llegar a la vejez su tiempo estará orientado a continuar con metas previamente visualizadas. Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los adultos sobre su proyecto de vida para la vejez en un área urbana de Tucumán. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo desde un abordaje fenomenológico. Los sujetos estudiados fueron adultos entre 45-59 años, de ambos sexos. Se constituyeron dos grupos focales. Resultados: se obtuvieron las siguientes categorías descriptivas: "Un callejón ¿con salida?", "Descartados y desechos", "Encaminarnos a la vejez", "Revolución de la longevidad", "Un poco de esto, un poco de aquello". Conclusión: Este estudio evidenció las opiniones que tiene un grupo de adultos de Tucumán sobre proyectos de vida para la vejez, identificándose cómo el fenómeno de ageísmo influye en su proyección a futuro. Se vio la importancia de repensar la vejez sin la estigmatización o discriminación social, considerando acompañar activamente a la población en edad prejubilatoria (AU)

Context: The aging of the population raises several fundamental questions. How can we help people to remain independent and active as they age? The Life Project is a concept that has been linked to the need of human beings to seek their well-being. It may be thought that if a person has a preconceived life project, when they reach old age their time will be oriented to continue with previously visualized goals. Objective: To know the opinion of adults about their life project for old age in an urban area of Tucumán. Methodology: A qualitative study was carried out from a phenomenological approach. The subjects studied were adults between 45-59 years old, of both sexes. Two focus groups were formed. Results: the following descriptive categories were obtained: "An alley with an exit?", "Discarded and discarded", "Towards old age", "Longevity revolution", "A little of this, a little of that". Conclusion: This study evidenced the opinions that a group of adults from Tucumán have about life projects for old age, identifying how the phenomenon of ageism influences their future projection. The importance of rethinking old age without stigmatization or social discrimination was seen, considering actively accompanying the pre-retirement age population (AU)

Factores genéticos y ambientales asociados al fenotipo longevo / Genetic and environmental factors associated with the longevity phenotype

Introducción: La prevalencia de la longevidad en la población abierta ha aumentado en los últimos cien años. Existen coincidencias en la literatura sobre la importancia de varios factores relacionados con el estilo de vida como elementos favorecedores de la longevidad. Objetivo: Demostrar la influencia de factores genéticos y ambientales en el fenotipo longevo. Métodos: Se estudiaron 178 individuos provenientes del municipio Santa Clara: 86 longevos de 80 años y más, y 92 no longevos (menores de 80 años). A todos se les aplicó un instrumento de recogida de información genealógica sobre antecedentes de longevidad y factores genéticos y ambientales favorecedores. Para los análisis de asociación se procedió a la confección de tablas de contingencia tetracóricas. Se evaluó la asociación mediante la prueba Ji cuadrado de Mantel-Haenszel, así como V de Cramer para medir la magnitud de asociación; cuando el nivel de significación fue p<0,05, se calculó la oportunidad relativa y el intervalo de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: Las asociaciones resultaron significativas para las siguientes variables: no hábito de fumar, no beber alcohol, tener índice de masa corporal normopeso, no padecer enfermedades respiratorias, tener madre longeva, y ser del sexo femenino. Las razones de ventajas más elevadas se alcanzaron en dos factores: no padecer de enfermedades respiratorias y no beber alcohol. La asociación más fuerte fue con la longevidad de la madre (V Cramer=0,234). Conclusiones: Los factores genéticos y ambientales que, de manera consistente, se asociaron a la longevidad, indicaron que en los individuos estudiados existen factores favorecedores de la longevidad.

Introduction: prevalence of longevity in open population has increased in the last hundred years. There are coincidences in the literature on the importance of various factors related to lifestyle as elements that favour longevity. Objective: to demonstrate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the longevity phenotype. Methods: 178 individuals from Santa Clara municipality were studied: 86 longevous people aged 80 years and over and 92 non-longevous ones aged less than 80 years. An instrument for collecting genealogical information on longevity antecedents and favorable genetic and environmental factors was applied to all of them. Tetrachoric contingency tables were prepared for the association analysis. This association was evaluated using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test, as well as the Cramer's V test to measure the magnitude of association; an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval were calculated when the significance level was p<0.05. Results: the associations were significant for the following variables: not-smoking and not-drinking alcohol, not suffering from respiratory diseases, having a normal weight body mass index and a longevous mother, as well as being female. The highest odds ratios were achieved in two factors: not suffering from respiratory diseases and not drinking alcohol. The strongest association was with maternal longevity (V Cramer=0.234). Conclusions: the genetic and environmental factors that were consistently associated with longevity indicated that there are factors that favour longevity in the studied individuals.

Sentidos do Trabalho para Brasileiros de Meia-Idade: Um Estudo Fenomenológico / Senses of Work for Middle-Aged Brazilians: A Phenomenological Study / Sentidos del Trabajo para Brasileños de Mediana Edad: Un Estudio Fenomenológico

O envelhecimento progressivo da sociedade demanda maior atenção aos aspectos profissionais de pessoas de meia-idade. Este estudo objetivou compreender os sentidos que 10 brasileiros entre 50 e 59 anos atribuem ao trabalho em um momento de transição de carreira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa fenomenológica, que empregou narrativas compreensivas individuais, elaboradas a partir de um encontro dialógico com cada participante, cujos sentidos e vivências compuseram uma narrativa síntese, representativa do todo. Os elementos estruturantes foram: a) transição profissional como fator de sofrimento; b) construção da identidade pessoal e social por meio do trabalho; c) trabalho como fonte de propósito de vida; d) trabalho como principal espaço de interação social; e) trabalho como recurso financeiro e subsistência foram discutidos a partir da Abordagem Experiencial de Gendlin. Descrevem-se tensões, desafios e a importância existencial do trabalho como mediador de sentidos. Fica evidenciada a necessidade de melhor preparo para transições laborais nessa fase de vida.

The progressive aging of society demands greater attention to the professional aspects of middle-aged people. This study aimed to understand the meanings that 10 Brazilians between 50 and 59-years old attribute to work in a moment of career transition. It is a phenomenological research that used individual comprehensive narratives, elaborated from a dialogical encounter with each participant, whose meanings and experiences comprised a synthesis narrative, representative of the whole. The structuring elements: a) professional transition as a factor of suffering; b) construction of personal and social identity through work; c) work as a source of life purpose; d) work as the main space for social interaction; e) work as a financial resource and subsistence were discussed based on Gendlin's Experiential Approach. Tensions, challenges and the existential importance of work as a meaningfulness mediator are described. The need for better preparation for work transitions in this stage of life is shown.

El progresivo envejecimiento de la sociedad exige una mayor atención a los aspectos profesionales de las personas de mediana edad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los significados que 10 brasileños entre 50 y 59 años atribuyen al trabajo en un momento de transición profesional. Se trata de una investigación fenomenológica que utilizó narrativas comprensivas individuales, elaboradas a partir de un encuentro dialógico con cada participante, cuyos significados y vivencias conformaron una narrativa de síntesis, representativa del todo. Los elementos estructurantes: a) la transición profesional como factor de sufrimiento; b) construcción de identidad personal y social a través del trabajo; c) el trabajo como fuente de propósito de vida; d) trabajar como espacio principal de interacción social; e) el trabajo como recurso financiero y la subsistencia se discutieron sobre la base del Enfoque Experiencial de Gendlin. Se describen tensiones, desafíos y la importancia existencial del trabajo como mediador de significados. Se evidencia la necesidad de una mejor preparación para las transiciones laborales en esta etapa de la vida.

Ezetimibe increases resistance to oxidative stress and extends lifespan mimicking dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

Ezetimibe is an approved drug for lowering plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) level via inhibition of cholesterol absorption. Derivatives of ezetimibe reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with ezetimibe in response to environmental stressors and found that ezetimibe increases resistance to oxidative stress and ultraviolet irradiation. Ezetimibe also significantly extended lifespan accompanying reduced fertility, which is a common trade-off for longevity in C. elegans. Cellular level of reactive oxygen species was increased and the expression of stress-responsive genes, hsp-16.2 and sod-3, was induced by dietary supplementation with ezetimibe, suggesting a hormetic effect on oxidative stress response and lifespan. Ezetimibe also significantly prevented amyloid beta-induced toxicity and completely reversed increased mortality by high-glucose diet. Nuclear localization of DAF-16 required for the prevention of amyloid beta-induced toxicity was enhanced by ezetimibe supplementation. Lifespan assay using known long-lived mutants, age-1, clk-1, and eat-2, revealed that lifespan extension by ezetimibe specifically overlapped with that of eat-2 mutants, which are genetic models of dietary restriction. Effect of ezetimibe on lifespan of worms fed with diluted bacteria suggested that ezetimibe mimics the effect of dietary restriction on lifespan. These findings suggest that ezetimibe exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects through hormesis and works as a dietary-restriction mimetic on lifespan extension.

Entre altos e baixos: momentos significativos vivenciados por casais longevos / Between ups and downs: significant moments experienced by long-lived couples / Entre alto y bajo: momentos significativos vividos por parejas longevas

Na convivência de longa duração, os momentos considerados significativos pelos casais são importantes referências para se entender a satisfação com os modos de se relacionar a dois. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como casais engajados em relacionamentos de longa duração percebem os "melhores" e "piores" momentos vivenciados na conjugalidade. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram conduzidas com 25 casais heterossexuais, que estavam juntos, em média, há 39,5 anos. As entrevistas transcritas foram submetidas à análise temático-reflexiva. A experiência da parentalidade e a convivência familiar foram identificadas como os melhores momentos e, como piores experiências, o enfrentamento do adoecimento ou morte de um membro familiar e dificuldades financeiras. Conclui-se que, para os casais entrevistados, convivência familiar e cuidados parentais são percebidos como determinantes da satisfação conjugal. As relações conjugais são classificadas de forma dicotômica, como boas ou ruins, a partir de fatos pontuais que eliciam satisfação ou insatisfação com o relacionamento, sem considerar que o vínculo amoroso é dinâmico e, portanto, sensível a melhores e piores momentos

Long-term relationships can be shaped by moments considered remarkable. Such experiences are an important reference to understand the satisfaction with the ways to build marital bonds. The aim of this study was to understand how couples engaged in long-term relationships perceive the "best" and "worst" moments experienced in conjugality. Twenty fi ve heterosexual couples, united for 39.5 years on average, were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic-reflective analysis. The experience of parenting and family life were identifi ed as the best moments and, as worst experiences, facing the illness or death of a family member and fi nancial difficulties. It is concluded that, for the couples interviewed, family life and parental care are perceived as determinants of marital satisfaction. Marital relationships tend to be classifi ed dichotomously, as good or bad, based on punctual facts that elicit satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the relationship, without considering that the romantic bond is dynamic and therefore sensitive to better and worse moments

En la conyugalidad a largo plazo, los momentos considerados notables por las parejas son referentes importantes para comprender la satisfacción con las formas de relacionarse con dos. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo las parejas que mantienen relaciones a largo plazo perciben los "mejores" y los "peores" momentos vividos en la conyugalidad. Se entrevistó a 25 parejas heterosexuales, en promedio, durante 39,5 años. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron sometidas a análisis temático-reflexivo. La experiencia de la crianza y la vida familiar se identifi caron como los mejores momentos y, como peores experiencias, el afrontamiento de la enfermedad o muerte de un familiar y las dificultades económicas. Se concluye que, para las parejas entrevistadas, la vida familiar y el cuidado parental son percibidos como determinantes de la satisfacción conyugal. Las relaciones maritales se clasifican dicotómicamente, en buenas o malas, en base a hechos puntuales que provocan satisfacción o insatisfacción con la relación, sin considerar que el vínculo amoroso es dinámico y, por tanto, sensible a mejores y peores momentos

Changes and clinical significance of erythrocyte lifespan in megaloblastic anemia / 中华内科杂志

Objective: To investigate the lifespan of erythrocytes in megaloblastic anemia (MA) patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study analysis. Clinical data from 42 MA patients who were newly diagnosed at the Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital from January 2021 to August 2021 were analyzed, as were control data from 24 healthy volunteers acquired during the same period. The carbon monoxide breath test was used to measure erythrocyte lifespan, and correlations between erythrocyte lifespan and laboratory test indexes before and after treatment were calculated. Statistical analysis included the t-test and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean erythrocyte lifespan in the 42 newly diagnosed MA patients was (49.05±41.60) d, which was significantly shorter than that in the healthy control group [(104.13±42.62) d; t=5.13,P=0.001]. In a vitamin B12-deficient subset of MA patients the mean erythrocyte lifespan was (30.09±15.14) d, and in a folic acid-deficient subgroup it was (72.00±51.44) d, and the difference between these two MA subsets was significant (t=3.73, P=0.001). The mean erythrocyte lifespan after MA treatment was (101.28±33.02) d, which differed significantly from that before MA treatment (t=4.72, P=0.001). In MA patients erythrocyte lifespan was positively correlated with hemoglobin concentration (r=0.373), and negatively correlated with total bilirubin level (r=-0.425), indirect bilirubin level (r=-0.431), and lactate dehydrogenase level (r=-0.504) (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Erythrocyte lifespan was shortened in MA patients, and there was a significant difference between a vitamin B12-deficient group and a folic acid-deficient group. After treatment the erythrocyte lifespan can return to normal. Erythrocyte lifespan is expected to become an informative index for the diagnosis and treatment of MA.

Association between serum lysophosphatidylcholine level and elderly health index in older people from longevity areas of Guangxi Province / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) level and the health index of the elderly. Methods: A total of 251 subjects were selected from the 2016 baseline survey of the Yongfu Longevity Cohort in Guangxi Province among whom 66, 63 and 122 were in the young and middle-aged group (≤59 years old), the young group (60-89 years old) and the longevity group (≥90 years old), respectively. Demographic data were collected and related indicators of height, weight, blood pressure and lipid metabolism were measured. The cognitive and physical functions of the elderly were assessed by the results of the simple mental state scale and the daily living activity scale to construct the health index of the elderly. The serum levels of LPC16∶0, LPC18∶0, LPC18∶1 and LPC18∶2 were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the differences among different ages and health status groups were compared. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the serum LPC level and the health index of the elderly. Results: With the increase in age, the proportion of female subjects increased, and the rate of smoking and drinking decreased. BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, diastolic blood pressure, and the four LPCs levels decreased with the increase of age, and systolic blood pressure levels increased with the increase of age (all P values<0.05). There was no significant difference in HDL-C levels among age groups (P>0.05). With the decline of health status in the elderly, serum levels of LPC16∶0, LPC18∶0, LPC18∶1 and LPC18∶2 showed a downward trend (all P values<0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, only LPC18∶0 was associated with the health status in old age [OR (95%CI): 0.48 (0.25-0.92)]. For every 1 standard deviation (16.87 nmol/L) increase in serum LPC18∶0 concentration, the risk of poor health status in old age decreased by 52%. Conclusion: Serum LPC18∶0 was associated with the health status in old age independent of age and sex.

Bottom/top hardness ratio and dentin bonding stability of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites

Aim: To evaluate the bottom/top hardness ratio (B/T) and the dentin bonding stability of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites in high c-factor preparations. Methods: Regular conventional (Tetric N-Ceram ­ TNC, and Polofil Supra ­ PFS), regular bulk-fill (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk fill ­ TBF, and Admira Fusion X-tra ­ AFX), and low viscosity bulk-fill resin composites (Tetric N-flow ­ TNF, and X-tra Base ­ XTB) were used to restore 180 dentin conical preparations. The specimens were randomly distributed in 12 groups (n = 15) according to the resin composites and storage time-points (24 h and six months) tested. After 24 h storage, all specimens were subjected to the bottom/top hardness ratio analysis. Then, the push-out bond strength test was performed in half of the specimens and the other half were maintained for six months on water storage before testing. The failure modes were analyzed in a stereomicroscopic. The data were analyzed statistically using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test (p <0.05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences for the bottom/top hardness ratio among the resin composites (p>0.05). Regardless of the storage timepoint, regular bulk-fill resin composites showed the highest bond strength values statistically (p<0.05). Only conventional resin composites showed statistically lower bond strength values at six-month storage (p<0.05). Adhesive failures were more predominant for low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites. Conclusion: Although the DoC was not affected by different materials tested, only bulk-fill resin composites did not present dentin bond strength loss after six-month of water storage

Resultados de la cirugía de catarata en pacientes longevos / Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Long-lived Patients

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados clínico-quirúrgicos de la cirugía de catarata del primer ojo y su efecto en la calidad de vida de pacientes longevos. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación longitudinal prospectiva, del tipo series de casos en pacientes de 80 y más años de edad (longevos) sometidos a cirugía de catarata en un primer ojo con implante de lente intraocular. Se compararon los resultados visuales y la calidad de vida autopercibida, antes y después de la cirugía. Se identificaron las causas oculares en los casos con impedimento visual posoperatorio. Resultados: Se estudiaron 88 pacientes con una edad promedio de 87,97 años. Predominaron los pacientes femeninos (63,63 por ciento), de color de piel blanca (75 por ciento), con hipertensión arterial (61,36 por ciento) y diabetes mellitus (23,86 por ciento). El 18,18 por ciento tenía antecedentes oculares de glaucoma. Se utilizó la facoemulsificación en el 52,27 por ciento como técnica quirúrgica. El síndrome de iris fláccido intraoperatorio y la hipertensión ocular fueron las complicaciones intraoperatorias más frecuentes. El edema corneal predominó como complicación posquirúrgica (10,2 por ciento). La función visual (agudeza visual sin corrección y agudeza visual mejor corregida), así como la calidad de vida autopercibida mejoraron significativamente en el posoperatorio (p < 0,001). La degeneración macular asociada a la edad y la membrana epiretiniana fueron las principales causas, en ese orden, de impedimento visual posoperatorio. Conclusiones: La cirugía de catarata del primer ojo mejora la función visual y la calidad de vida autopercibida de pacientes longevos. La degeneración macular asociada a la edad es la principal causa del impedimento visual posoperatorio de estos pacientes(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the clinical-surgical outcomes of cataract surgery of the first eye and its effect on quality of life in long-lived patients. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, case series type investigation was performed in patients 80 years of age and older (long-lived) who underwent first eye cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. Visual outcomes and self-perceived quality of life before and after surgery were compared. Ocular causes were identified in cases with postoperative visual impairment. Results: We studied 88 patients with an average age of 87.97 years. Female patients predominated (63.63 percent), with white skin color (75 percent), with arterial hypertension (61.36 percent) and diabetes mellitus (23.86 percent). 18,18 percent had an ocular history of glaucoma. Phacoemulsification was used as a surgical technique in 52.27 percent. Intraoperative flaccid iris syndrome and ocular hypertension were the most frequent intraoperative complications. Corneal edema predominated as a postoperative complication (10.2 percent). Visual function (uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity) as well as self-perceived quality of life improved significantly postoperatively (p < 0.001). Age-related macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane were the main causes, in that order, of postoperative visual impairment. Conclusions: First eye cataract surgery improves visual function and self-perceived quality of life in long-lived patients. Age-related macular degeneration is the main cause of postoperative visual impairment in these patients(AU)

Implicações da técnica Homeostase Quântica Informacional sobre a saúde física e emocional / Implications of the Quantum Information Homeostasis technique for physical and emotional health / Implicaciones de la técnica Homeostasis Quántica Informacional sobre la salud física y emocional

Objetivo: Avaliar os benefícios da técnica Homeostase Quântica Informacional (HQI) sobre a saúde física e emocional de pessoas adultas. Métodos: Estudo experimentalrandomizado quali-quantitativo com grupo controle, com pré-teste e pós-teste, realizado na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Obtiveram-se os dados entre julho e setembro de 2018 com 50 adultos na faixa etária de 45 a 60 anos, e os instrumentos utilizados avaliaram variáveis de natureza sociodemográfica, de saúde física e emocional. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher. Para comparação das variáveis numéricas entre os dois grupos utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney e para comparação das variáveis categóricas utilizou-se o teste de Cochran seguido do teste de McNemar. O nível de significância adotado para os testes estatísticos ficou ajustado em p<0,05 e para os dados qualitativos utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram ganhos estatisticamente significantes nos indivíduos do Grupo 1, que receberam o tratamento de HQI, nas avaliações para atividade física (p=0,046), escore de ansiedade (p=0,013), de sofrimento emocional (p=0,008 e p=0,019) e de tontura (p=0,021), quando comparados com o Grupo 2, controle. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos permitem afirmar que a HQI proporciona benefícios para a saúde física e emocional de pessoas adultas. Bem como o seu emprego poderia tornar melhor o dia a dia das pessoas, diminuindo o custo de tratamentos prolongados e onerosos.

Objective: To assess the benefits of the Quantum Information Homeostasis (QIH) technique for the physical and emotional health of adults. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative randomized experimental study with a control group, pre-test and posttest was carried out in the city of Campinas, São Paulo. Data were collected between July and September 2018 from 50 adults aged 45 to 60 years, and the instruments used assessed sociodemographic and physical and emotional health variables. For data analysis, we used either the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test. To compare the numerical variables between the two groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used, and to compare thecategoricalvariables, the Cochran test followed by the McNemar est was used. The level of significance adopted for the statistical tests was adjusted to p<0.05 and content analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: The results showed statistically significant gains in individuals in group 1, who received the QIH treatment, in the assessments for physical activity (p=0.046), anxiety score (p=0.013), emotional distress (p=0.008 and p= 0.019) and dizziness (p=0.021), when compared to group 2, controls. Conclusion: The data obtained allow us to state that QIH provides benefits for the physical and emotional health of adults. Also, its use could make people's daily lives better, reducing the cost of long and expensive treatments

Objetivo: Evaluar los beneficios de la técnica Homeostasis Quántica Informacional (HQI) sobre la salud física y emocional de personas adultas. Métodos: Estudio experimental randomizado cuali-cuantitativo con grupo control, pre y postest realizado en la ciudad de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Se ha recogido los datos entre julio y septiembre de 2018 con 50 adultos en la franja de edad entre 45 y 60 años. Los instrumentos utilizados evaluaron las variables de naturaleza sociodemográfica, salud física y emocional. Se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado o exacto de Fisher para el análisis de los datos. Para la comparación de las variables numéricas entre los grupos se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney y para la comparación de las variables categóricas se utilizó la prueba de Cochran seguida de la prueba de McNemar. El nivel de significancia adoptado para las pruebas estadísticas fue de p<0,05 y para los datos cualitativos se utilizó el análisis de contenido. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron ganancias estadísticamente significantes para los individuos del Grupo 1, que han sido tratados con la HQI, en las evaluaciones de actividad física (p=0,046), la puntuación de ansiedad (p=0,013), el sufrimiento emocional (p=0,008 e p=0,019) y de vértigo (p=0,021) comparados con el Grupo 2, el control. Conclusión: Los datos permiten afirmar que la HQI proporciona beneficios para la salud física y emocional de personas adultas, así como su utilización podría mejorar el día a día de las personas disminuyendo el coste de los tratamientos a largo plazo y costosos.

A prospective cohort study of the influence of positive/negative effectivity on the mortality risk of the Chinese elderly / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of positive/negative effectivity on the mortality risk of the Chinese elderly.@*METHODS@#Using the latest four surveys data of Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey in 2008, 2012, and 2014, as well as 2018 and selecting 10 993 elderly people who were aged 65 and above as research objects, this paper compared the positive/negative effectivity status and differences of the elderly in different gender and age groups. And then this paper analyzed the effect of positive/negative effectivity on elderly people' s mortality risk by constructing Cox proportional hazards model.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the female elderly, the male elderly had lower negative effectivity and higher positive effectivity. With the increase of age, the negative effectivity of the elderly increased, while the positive effectivity decreased. The results showed that after adjusting for the basic demographic characteristics, health status and living habits of the respondents in the baseline survey, in the positive effectivity dimension, "clean preference" (HR=0.922, 95%CI: 0.889-0.956), "autonomy" (HR=0.933, 95%CI: 0.914-0.952) and "sense of youth" (HR=0.948, 95%CI: 0.927-0.969), had a protective effect on the mortality risk of the elderly, while in the dimension of "open-minded view", there was no significant difference in the mortality risk of the elderly with different answers. In the negative effecti-vity dimension, "tension and fear" (HR=1.039, 95%CI: 1.014-1.065), "loneliness" (HR=1.053, 95%CI: 1.029-1.079) and "uselessness" had a harmful effect on the mortality risk of the elderly. The more positive effectivity, the lower the mortality risk of the elderly (HR=0.967, 95%CI: 0.956-0.978), while the more negative effectivity, the higher the mortality risk of the elderly (HR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.013-1.035).@*CONCLUSION@#The negative effectivity of the elderly in all dimensions may increase the mortality risk of elderly people. We ought to dredge the negative emotions of the elderly in time. In the health promotion of the elderly, we should also pay attention to the encouragement of positive effectivity in all dimensions, which requires the joint efforts of families, communities and governments.

Polifarmácia, automedicação e uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados: causa de intoxicações em idosos / Polypharmacy, automedication, and the use of potentially inappropriate medications: cause of intoxications in the elderly

Introdução: É fato que os idosos compreendem um grupo etário que cresce exponencialmente no Brasil. Inevitavelmente, a alta demanda da maioria dessa população por medicamentos e serviços de saúde acarreta impacto nas políticas de saúde pública no que tange o esforço necessário para garantir o uso racional de medicamentos, evitar iatrogenia e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Medicamentos potencialmente inadequados são aqueles que devem ser evitados em idosos, em que o risco de eventos adversos supera o benefício. Métodos: O estudo, de caráter descritivo e retrospectivo e partindo da pesquisa e análise de dados secundários em saúde, objetivou ampliar o conhecimento sobre o impacto do uso de medicamentos pela população idosa, através da coleta de informações sobre as intoxicações por uso de medicamentos disponíveis no site do DATASUS (departamento de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde). Resultados: Em cerca de dez anos relacionados ao período estudado, entre 2010 a 2020, houveram 2.946 internações de idosos causadas por intoxicações farmacológicas, sendo relevante em número de casos as classes dos anticonvulsivantes, sedativos, hipnóticos, antiparkinsonianos. A região com maior número de casos foi a Sudeste. Há diferenças significativas na probabilidade de intoxicação em idosos, sendo maior nos casos de exposição a álcool, a fármacos analgésicos, antipiréticos e antirreumáticos, e a fármacos com ação no sistema nervoso central. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados advêm da tendência crescente dos problemas associados ao uso de medicamentos por idosos, tornando-se clara a importância de estratégias efetivas de farmacovigilância voltadas a saúde dessa população.

Introduction: It is a fact that the elderly comprise an exponentially growing age group in Brazil. Inevitably, the high demand of most of this population for medicines and health services impacts public health policies in terms of the effort required to ensure the rational use of medicines, avoid iatrogenesis and improve the quality of life of the elderly. Potentially inappropriate drugs are those that should be avoided in the elderly, where the risk of adverse events outweighs the benefit. Methods: The study, of descriptive and retrospective nature and based on the research and analysis of secondary health data, aimed to broaden knowledge about the impact of the use of medicines by the elderly population, by collecting information on intoxications due to the use of medicines available on the DATASUS (departamento de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde) website. Results: In about ten years related to the studied period, from 2010 to 2020, there were 2,946 hospitalizations of the elderly caused by pharmacological intoxications, being relevant in number of cases the classes of anticonvulsants, sedatives, hypnotics, and antiparkinsonian drugs. The region with the highest number of cases was the Southeast. There are significant differences in the probability of intoxication in the elderly, being greater in cases of exposure to alcohol, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-rheumatic drugs and drugs with action on the central nervous system. Conclusion: The results found show a growing trend of problems associated with the use of medicines by the elderly, making clear the importance of effective pharmacovigilance strategies aimed at the health of this population.

Grip strength is a strong predictor of survival in nonagenarians and centenarians / Força de preensão palmar e sobrevivência em nonagenários e centenários

Objectives: To understand the importance of hand grip strength (HGS) as a survival predictor in nonagenarians and centenarians. Methods: Longitudinal, observational and analytical study, using HGS measurements obtained during a first evaluation performed in 2016. Participants were nonagenarians and centenarians, randomly selected in various neighborhoods of Porto Alegre (RS) and evaluated in their homes. The time elapsed between the first evaluation and the date of death or last contact (for survivors) was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) using survival analysis on simple and adjusted Cox regression models. Results: The sample comprised 212 participants (155 women), of whom 83 (39%) died during follow-up (until August 30, 2019). Using the lowest quartile (25%) for HGS, participants with < 10 kgf for women and 17 kgf for men were considered to have poor HGS performance. In the simple regression model, participants with lower HGS presented a HR of 2.75 (1.76­4.30, p < 0.001) for death. Also in the simple model, participants aged between 90 and 94 years old presented an HR of 0.37 (0.16­0.85, p = 0.019) compared to those aged 100 or older. In the adjusted model, age lost its significance in the presence of HGS. The following were significant predictors in both simple and adjusted models: cognitive performance, calf circumference, ability to participate in social activities, shop, and prepare meals alone, performance in the Timed Up and Go test, and ease to perform activities requiring upper limb strength. Conclusions: HGS was an important independent and modifiable predictor of survival among nonagenarians and centenarians.

Objetivos: Compreender a importância da força de preensão palmar (FPP) como preditor em nonagenários e centenários. Metodologia: Estudo, longitudinal, observacional e analítico, utilizando os resultados da FPP medidos na primeira avaliação realizada em 2016. Os participantes eram nonagenários e centenários, selecionados aleatoriamente em vários bairros de Porto Alegre (RS) e avaliados em suas residências. Os participantes com 10 kgf para mulheres e 17 kgf para homens foram considerados com menor desempenho da FPP. O tempo entre a primeira avaliação e a data do óbito ou último contato (entre sobreviventes) foi calculado para avaliar a Razão de Dano (RD) usando análise de sobrevida por modelos simples e ajustados da Regressão de Cox. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 212 participantes, 155 mulheres, 83 (39%) faleceram durante acompanhamento (até 30 de agosto de 2019). Na regressão simples, os participantes com menor desempenho na FPP apresentaram RD de 2,75 (1,76 ­ 4,30, p < 0,001). No modelo simples, participantes com idade entre 90 e 94 anos, apresentaram RD de 0,37 (0,16 ­ 0,85, p = 0,019) em relação aos centenários. No modelo ajustado, a idade perdeu sua significância na presença da FPP. Foram preditores significativos nos modelos simples e ajustados: desempenho cognitivo, circunferência da panturrilha, ser capaz de participar de atividades sociais e fazer compras e preparar refeições sozinho, desempenho no teste Timed Up and Go, e a facilidade para realizar atividades que exijam membros superiores. Conclusões: Concluímos que a FPP foi um importante preditor independente de sobrevida entre nonagenários e centenários, o que poderia ser melhorado por uma intervenção clínica.

Are there still sex differences in the functioning of the elderly? / Ainda existem diferenças de sexo na funcionalidade dos idosos?

Abstract Introduction: Sex is one of the demographic characteristics that better differentiates the independence of the elderly, despite this distinction not being consensual. Objective: To know the differences in functioning associated with sex in elderly people aged ≥ 65 years according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Methods: This was an analytical and cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 451 subjects. The instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire identical to a ICF checklist and the Biopsychosocial Assessment Method. The student t, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Spearman correlation tests were used considering p < 0.05. Results: The average age was between 79.5 ± 7.5 years with a female prevalence (62.1%). Of the 43 variables studied, sex differences were found in 17 (39.5%). In the personal factors, women showed greater vulnerability in conjugality (p ≤ 0.001), cohabitation (p = 0.037), and economic income (p = 0.002). Nonetheless, they showed healthier behaviors in all health-related habits. As for environmental factors and body functions, greater fragility was once again observed in women: the need for assistive devices (p ≤ 0.001) and urinary incontinence (p = 0.021). In activities/participation, differences were found in mobility, where women experienced more restrictions, whereas men were more dependent on washing/drying clothes in domestic life (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Women are more unprotected in social and economic areas, while men showed more vulnerability in habits related to health. These differences are linked to demographic issues related to longevity, cultural differences, and socialization, and differences regarding activities/participation tend to dilute between sexes.

Resumo Introdução: O sexo é das caraterísticas demográficas que mais diferencia a independência dos idosos, apesar dessa distinção não ser consensual. Objetivo: Conhecer as diferenças da funcionalidade associadas ao sexo, de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) em idosos com idade ≥ 65 anos. Métodos: Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal com uma amostra de 451 indivíduos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sociodemográfico idêntico à checklist da CIF e o Método de Avaliação Biopsicossocial. Utilizaram-se os testes de T-Student, Mann-Whitney, Qui-Quadrado e Correlação de Spearman, considerando-se p < 0,05. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 79,5 ± 7,5 anos, observando-se uma prevalência feminina (62,1%). Das 43 variáveis estudadas, foram encontradas diferenças entre os sexos em 17 (39,5%). Nos fatores pessoais, as mulheres apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade na conjugalidade (p ≤ 0,001), na coabitação (p = 0,037) e no rendimento econômico (p = 0,002). Em todos os hábitos relacionados com a saúde, contudo, revelaram comportamentos mais saudáveis. Nos fatores ambientais e nas funções do corpo, observou-se novamente maior fragilidade nas mulheres: na necessidade de dispositivos de auxílio (p ≤ 0,001) e na incontinência urinária (p = 0,021). Nas atividades/participação, as mulheres apresentaram maior restrição na mobilidade e os homens na vida doméstica (lavar/secar roupa p = 0,022). Conclusão: As mulheres apresentam-se mais desprotegidas nas dimensões social e econômica, enquanto os homens manifestam hábitos de saúde mais vulneráveis. Estas diferenças estão ligadas às questões demográficas de longevidade e às diferenças culturais e de socialização. As diferenças nos domínios das atividades/participação tendem a diluir-se entre os sexos.

Using Citronella to Protect Bees (honeybee Apis mellifera L. ) from certain Insecticides and Their Nano Formulations / Uso da citronela para proteger as abelhas (Apis mellifera L. ) de certos inseticidas e suas nanoformulações

Abstract Experiments were performed investigating citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) as a repellent to honeybee Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Egypt, it was conducted in laboratory in the Department of Entomology and Pesticides Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, to check long-term survival of honeybee when exposed to different nano insecticides alone or combined with citronella at the same examination box for each. In this study, we used a modeling approach regarding survival data of caged worker bees under chronic exposure to four insecticides (Chloropyrophos, Nano-chloropyrophos Imidacloprid, Nano-Imidacloprid) each of them was supplemented in a box alone and in combination with citronella. Having three replicates and five concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm). Laboratory bioassay of these insecticides showed that chloropyrophos and nano chloropyrophos were the most toxic at their high dose (500 ppm) with LT50 of 120.98 and 122.02 followed by 132.14 and 136.5 minutes for Imidacloprid and Nano-Imidacloprid, respectively. No consumption occurred by bees to mixed sugar syrup with insecticides in all treatments when citronella was added. These data highly recommended that adding citronella is very effective when nicotinoid pesticides are used to longevity honeybee life and keep bee safe.

Resumo Foram realizados experimentos para investigar a citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) como repelente de abelhas Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) no Egito, conduzidos no laboratório do Departamento de Entomologia e Ciência de Pesticidas, da Faculdade de Agricultura, da Universidade do Cairo, e verificar a sobrevivência a longo prazo das abelhas quando expostas a diferentes nanoinseticidas isoladamente ou combinados com citronela na mesma caixa de exame para cada um. Neste estudo, usamos uma abordagem de modelagem em relação aos dados de sobrevivência de abelhas operárias enjauladas sob exposição crônica a quatro inseticidas (clorpirifós, nanoclorpirifós, imidacloprida e nanoimidacloprida), e cada um deles foi suplementado em uma caixa e em combinação com citronela, tendo três repetições e cinco concentrações (100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 ppm). O bioensaio em laboratório desses inseticidas mostrou que clorpirifós e nanoclorpirifós foram os mais tóxicos em altas doses (500 ppm) com LT50 de 120,98 e 122,02, seguidos por 132,14 e 136,5 minutos para imidacloprida e nanoimidacloprida, respectivamente. Não houve consumo pelas abelhas do xarope de açúcar misto com inseticidas em todos os tratamentos quando a citronela foi adicionada. Esses dados recomendam a adição de citronela, sendo muito eficaz quando pesticidas nicotinoides são utilizados para longevidade das abelhas e para mantê-las seguras.

O envelhecer na sétima arte: o capitão américa e seus retratos biopsicossociais / Aging in the seventh art: captain america and his biopsychosocial portraits

Este artigo propõe uma análise das representações sociais da velhice, do lazer e dos aspectos biopsicossociais relacionados ao processo de envelhecimento, tendo como base as idades cronológica, biológica, psicológica e social do indivíduo, a partir da trajetória do Capitão América - personagem de histórias em quadrinho criado nos anos 1940. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que as temáticas relativas à longevidade necessitam de rearranjos de ideias e de valores, no sentido de assegurar um envelhecimento ativo e socialmente inserido, tendo o entretenimento e as produções cinematográficas um potencial para auxiliar nesse movimento.

This article proposes an analysis of the social representations of old age, leisure, entertainment and biopsychosocial aspects related to the aging process, based on the individual's chronological, biological, psychological and social ages, based on the trajectory of Captain America - character of comic books created in the 1940s. The results of this research show that the themes related to old age need rearrangements of ideas and values, in order to ensure an active and socially inserted aging, with leisure and film productions a potential for assist in this movement.